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Poetry as a Last Letter: Thomas James and his Influences Sylvia Plath and Georg Trakl

Lauren Davis

Poetry as a Last Letter: Thomas James and his Influences Sylvia Plath and Georg Trakl by Lauren Davis

Buried in Joliet, Illinois, lies Thomas Edward Bojeski. He died young at the age of twenty-seven on January 7, 1974. The public and his family disagree on the cause. One says murder. The other says … [Read more...]

Jean Stafford’s Boston Adventure: Tradition and the Talented Individual

Linda E. Chown

Jean Stafford’s Boston Adventure: Tradition and the Talented Individual by Linda Chown

In 1944, Jean Stafford published her first novel, Boston Adventure, a book which became an unexpected best seller..1 From the start, it was an anomaly, "the book that Stafford wrote before one would … [Read more...]

Aching for Meaning: The Work of Novelist Rosamond Lehmann

Kathryn Hummel

Rosamund Lehmann

I read about Rosamond Lehmann’s Dusty Answer years before I was able to locate a copy of the novel. Yet just from reading a short synopsis and critique, I was predisposed to love it, this story that … [Read more...]

Visionary Markings: Em Dashes and Ellipses in Walt Whitman’s “Talbot Wilson” Notebook

Tom Holmes

Walt Whitman's Talbot Wilson Notebook page

Before the appearance of Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman kept notebooks in which he wrote sketches for lines of poetry. As Andrew Higgins points out in Art and Argument: The Rise of Walt Whitman’s … [Read more...]

“Write What My Spirit Demands”: An Interview with Devorah Major on Writing in Multiple Genres

Rochelle Spencer and Devorah Major

Writing in more than one genre can free a writer’s creativity and open up ways of interacting with the world, but writing in multiple genres means making the mental switch from one form to another. … [Read more...]

Ian Haight in conversation with Dennis Maloney: writer, translator, editor of White Pine Press

Ian Haight and Dennis Maloney

Ian Haight in conversation with Dennis Maloney, writer, translator and publsher of White Pine Press.

Dennis Maloney is an award-winning poet, translator, and founding editor of White Pine Press. His works of translation include The Poet and the Sea: Poems of Juan Ramon Jimenez, The House in the Sand … [Read more...]

In Xochitl In Cuicatl: Poets Nezahualcoyotl and Humberto Ak’abal

Jose Trejo Maya

In Xochitl In Cuicatl: Poets Nezahualcoyotl and Humberto Ak’abal by Jose Trejo Maya

Intrigue & Scope There’s an old story of the amate tree bark (i.e. amoxtli or codices/scrolls with pictographs whose texts resemble an accordion). These were first elaborated as “most likely in the … [Read more...]

“Only the Lull I Like”: Walt Whitman’s Image of Silence

Andrew Field

Walt Whitman - Leaves of Grass silence

Introduction In his chapter on “Language” in Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson writes that “We know more from nature than we can at will communicate” (23). It is a strange sentence. It suggests a … [Read more...]

Walt Whitman and Allen Ginsberg: A Story of Influences

Alexandre Ferrere

Allen Ginsberg photo by Larry Keenan / Walt Whitman

The well-known link between Allen Ginsberg and Walt Whitman comes from both Ginsberg's readers and Ginsberg himself. One of the first explicit mentions of Walt Whitman in Ginsberg's published poetry … [Read more...]

Writers on Writers on Writers II: John Colopinto, “Virginia Woolf, Edith Wharton, and A Case of Anxiety of Influence”

Linda E. Chown

Virginia Woolf & Edith Wharton -- Linda Chown Essay

In this second piece in her "Writers on Writers on Writers" series, Linda Chown comments on John Colopinto's piece which was published in The New Yorker's Cultural Comment section, September 19, 2014: … [Read more...]

Susan Howe’s Federalist 10: a literary approach to colonial America

Leticia del Toro

Susan Howe / Federalist 10 essay

Susan Howe was born on June 10th, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts, to the American law professor Mark De Wolfe Howe and the Irish playwright and director Mary Manning. From the very beginning of her … [Read more...]

Writers on Writers on Writers I: Linda Chown on E.L. Doctorow on Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying

Linda E. Chown

This is the first of a series of short essays. These reviews will interpret writers interpreting each other. This first one specifically addresses what I think E.L Doctorow does with Hemingway and … [Read more...]

An interview with Richard Kigel, author of Heav’nly Tidings From the Afric Muse: The Grace and Genius of Phillis Wheatley

Richard Kigel and Denise Enck

Phillis Wheatley Biography - Richard Kigel

Richard Kigel is a historian and educator with an interest in 18th and 19th-century American history. His first book, Becoming Abraham Lincoln: The Coming of Age of Our Greatest President, recounts … [Read more...]

The Glass Slipper: Deconstructing Cinderella’s Magical Accessory

Robert Boucheron

The Glass Slipper: Deconstructing Cinderella's Magical Accessory

In the tale by Charles Perrault published in Paris in 1697, Cinderella watches her two stepsisters depart for the ball, then bursts into tears. Her godmother, who happens to be a fairy, says, “You … [Read more...]

Lemon Calls to Lemon: The Visual Poetics of D. H. Lawrence, Jack Spicer, and Robert Kroetsch

Ty Clever

(detail) Bottle, Carafe, Jug and Lemons

I’m intrigued by images that recur in an individual poet’s work or across several poets’ works. Rocks, for instance, have a fascinating poetic pedigree in the English language, from Wordsworth’s … [Read more...]

A Wreath for William H. Gass

Alex Lanz

A Wreath for William H. Gass by Alex Lanz

William H. Gass wrote books that were saturated with signs. Even the one-word sentences, and he wrote a lot of them, seem charged with stylistic and rhetorical shaping. It was arguably overloaded and … [Read more...]

Five Past Noon: Reading Darkness at Noon in Trump’s America

Michael Huguenor

Five Past Noon: Reading Darkness at Noon in Trump’s America

“What a mess we have made of our golden age.” -- Nicholas Rubashov This August, a now-famous photograph began circulating online. In the original, Donald Trump is seated in the oval office with a … [Read more...]

Chaucer and the Art of the Grift

K. A. Laity

Chaucer and the Art of the Grift

"Of all the grifters, the confidence man is the aristocrat," David Maurer wrote in his linguistic study The Big Con. He dove into the world of the criminal elite, those who did not get rich by threats … [Read more...]

Realism: Just How Real Is It?

Dennis Vanatta

Realism: How Realistic Is It?

We’ve been sold a bill of goods. The original crime was committed a century and a half ago when literary romanticism was kicked to the curb by Flaubert, Tolstoy, Twain, and other disciples of a new … [Read more...]

“No, this was all first person”: Revisiting Jorie Graham’s Hybrids of Plants and of Ghosts

Timothy Duffy

Hybrids of Plants and of Ghosts - Jorie Graham

Jorie Graham’s first poetry collection, Hybrids of Plants and of Ghosts (1980) has a way of receding from memory despite its potency due, in part, to the great success of her second collection. Her … [Read more...]

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Empty Mirror

Established in 2000 and edited by Denise Enck, Empty Mirror is an online literary magazine that publishes new work each Friday.

Each week EM features several poems each by one or two poets; reviews; critical essays; visual art; and personal essays.

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Recent features

  • My Father’s Map
  • On Waiting
  • Seeing Las Meninas in Madrid, 1994
  • Visual poems from 23 Bodhisattvas by Chris Stephenson
  • Historical Punctum: Reading Natasha Trethewey’s Bellocq’s Ophelia and Native Guard Through the Lens of Roland Barthes’s Camera Lucida
  • Panic In The Rear-View Mirror: Exploring The Work of Richard Siken and Ann Gale
  • “Art has side effects,” I said.

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